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Black Walnut is a historic plantation home and farm located near Clover, Halifax County, Virginia. The main house was built in at least three sections beginning about 1774 to 1790. In the 1840s and 1850s, a substantial two-story frame addition was built in two stages parallel to the existing house, along with a connecting hyphen, together giving the house an overall "H"-shape. The interior features Greek Revival style details. Also on the property are the contributing brick kitchen, a dairy, a wash-house, two smokehouses, two sheds, a cool-storage building, a privy, a stable, a barn, a slave cabin, a corncrib, two machine sheds, a toolshed, a garage, a late-18th century schoolhouse, and the family cemetery.〔 and (''Accompanying photo'' )〕 At its peak, Black Walnut Plantation was one of the largest and most successful plantations in Halifax County. The only Civil War battle fought in Halifax County, the Battle of Staunton River Bridge, took place on Black Walnut Plantation in the summer 1864. Confederate troops maintained encampment there during the war alongside up to 800 Confederate slave labors – and Union forces after. During the 1939 (National Tobacco Festival ), legendary Academy Award Winner Mary Pickford visited Black Walnut as Queen of the festival. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.〔 (In 2014, the historic home and 775 acres was placed on the market for the first time in 246 years ).〔(www.blackwalnutplantation.net )〕 ==Early history== The Staunton River Battlefield Project is a collaboration between the Dr. James W. Jordan Archaeology Field School and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation – Division of State Parks. This research is being undertaken at Staunton River Battlefield State Park. Originally the focus was on the Civil War battle that took place on this site in 1864. Following the work on the Civil War site, the focus shifted to the prehistoric past when the 1, 000 year-old Late Woodland period Wade Site was discovered. To date, more than 100,000 artifacts have been recovered from this site and radiocarbon dating has demonstrated that the site was occupied from approximately 950 A.D. to 1425 A.D.. Paleo-environmental data has indicated that the site was occupied year-round, rather than seasonally and it is currently estimated that between around 200 people lived at the Wade Site. This research has focused on a variety of questions including subsistence strategy and horticultural development, social organization, mortuary practices and environment reconstruction. Some of the more intriguing evidence at the site relates to the variability in the burial practices that may indicate social stratification and a shift from Big Man to Chiefdom social organization. Also of interest is whether the site was actually an island in the Staunton River and whether it may have been one at the time the site was occupied. Future fieldwork will continue to seek answers to these and other questions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black Walnut (Clover, Virginia)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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